10 Gigabit Ethernet Alliance
The 10GEA (10 Gigabit Ethernet Alliance) was an independent organization which aimed to further 10 Gigabit Ethernet development and market acceptance. Founded in February, 2000, by a consortium of companies, the organization provided IEEE with technology demonstrations and specifications. It is now part of the Ethernet Alliance.
http://www.ethernetalliance.org

Accredited Standards Committees
Accredited Standards Committees (ASC) is an IEEE committee accredited to develop standards. The committee consists of members and a Secretariat. The membership is generally composed of organizations, companies, government agencies, individuals, etc. having a direct and material interest in the activities of the committee. A balance of the various interest groups must be maintained, i.e., no one interest group can dominate the committee. The Secretariat is an organization that has oversight responsibilities over the ASC. The Secretariat organizes the committee, applies for its accreditation, oversees the committees' compliance to procedures, maintains the roster, submits standards for approval, publishes the standards, etc.
http://www.ieee.org

ACSA
See Applied Computer Security Associates.
http://www.acsac.org

ACTA
See America's Carriers Telecommunications Association.

Advanced Communications Technologies and Services (Europe)
Advanced Communications technologies and Services (Europe) (ACTS) refers to a programme under the European Community 4th Framework R &TD Programme, collaborative research and technology development in Europe. It is one of the biggest European R&TD investments with around 120 projects in place. The DTI/EPSRC High Performance Interfaces & Protocols (HPIP) LINK programme is the complementary UK initiative.

Advanced Research Projects Agency
Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), now called DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency), is a research and development organization under DoD (Department of Defence of USA). ARPA is responsible for numerous technological advances in communications and networking.
http://www.darpa.mil

American Information Exchange
The American Information Exchange (AMIX), started in 1984, by Salin, is an international network for the exchange of information, consulting contracts, computer code and research. Salin envisaged a world in which the ready exchange of expertise would reduce transaction costs, with wide-ranging beneficial effects. In particular, he predicted that information markets would reduce the need for redundant employees at different organizations, so that companies would become smaller and more efficient, relying on each other as external sources of expertise.

American Registry for Internet Numbers
American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) is a non-profit organization established for the purpose of administrating and registrating IP numbers to the geographical areas currently managed by Network Solutions (InterNIC). Those areas include, but are not limited to, North America, South America, South Africa, and the Caribbean.
http://www.arin.net

America's Carriers Telecommunications Association
America's Carriers Telecommunications Association (ACTA) is a trade association of "competitive", long distance carriers. One of their purposes is to petition the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to ban the selling of software and hardware products by some companies that enable use of the Internet to voice long distance services.

Applied Computer Security Associates
Applied Computer Security Associates (ACSA) is a non-profit association of computer security professionals whose goal is improving the understanding, theory, and practice of computer security..
http://www.acsac.org

Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association
Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association (AFCEA), a non-profit international association, is dedicated to supporting global security by providing an ethical environment that encourages a close cooperative relationship among civil government agencies, the military and industry.
http://www.afcea.org

Association Francaise de Normalisation
Association Francaise de Normalisation (AFNOR) is France's standardization body and the French member of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). It is a private, state-approved, non-profit organization. AFNOR is the SCC's counterpart in France, promoting standardization through cooperation with interested national and international stakeholders.
http://www.afnor.org

Association of C and C++ Users
Association of C and C++ Users (ACCU) is a worldwide association of people who are interested in C, C++, and related programming languages.
http://accu.org

Association of College and University Telecomm Administrators
Association of College and University Telecomm Administrators (ACUTA) is a member-driven organization dedicated to the enhancement of teaching, learning, research, and public (community) service by providing leadership in the application of telecommunications technology for higher education.

ATM Forum
The ATM Forum was an international, industry-wide, non-profit association of telecommunications, networking, and other companies focused on advancing the deployment of multi-vendor, multi-service packet-based networks, associated applications, and interworking solutions. The ATM Forum was originally formed with the objective of accelerating the use of ATM products and services. Now ATM Forum has become part of the MFA Forum.
http://www.mfaforum.org

ATM Research Consortium
ATM Research Consortium (ARC) is a team of Universities proposed to perform application experiments over Pacific Bell's CalREN ATM Network.

Business Software Alliance
Business Software Alliance (BSA), created by Microsoft in 1988, is an organization to combat software theft. The alliance includes the majority of leading software publishers such as Novell, Symantec, and Autodesk and is actively campaigning in over 65 countries. The BSA's key missions include: 1. Lobbying to strengthen copyright laws and co-operation with law enforcement agencies. 2. Educating the public through marketing, roadshows, etc. 3. Bringing legal actions against counterfeiters. BSA's aims are the same as the Federation Against Software Theft, but it is not limited to the UK.
http://www.bsa.org

Canadian Standards Association
Canadian Standards Association (CSA) is the Canadian agency that certifies products that conform to Canadian national safety standards.
http://www.csa.ca

CDMA Development Group
CDMA Development Group (CDG) is an international consortium of companies who have joined together to lead the adoption and evolution of 3G CDMA wireless systems around the world. The CDG is comprised of CDMA service providers and manufacturers, application developers and content providers. By working together, the members help to ensure interoperability among systems, while expediting the availability of 3G CDMA technology to consumers.
http://www.cdg.org

Center for Internet Security
Center for Internet Security (CIS) is a non-profit organization that helps organizations manage risk associated with information system security.
http://www.cisecurity.org

Center for Education and Research in Information Assurance and Security
Center for Education and Research in Information Assurance and Security (CERIAS) is a center for research and education in information security at Purdue University.
http://www.cerias.purdue.edu

Central Information Technology Unit
Central Information Technology Unit (CITU) is a UK government organization responsible for Information Technology policy and strategy spanning government departments and for promoting the use of IT in the delivery of government services to the public.
http://www.cituni.gov.uk

CERN
See European Laboratory for Particle Physics.
http://www.cern.ch

Comite Europeen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Comite Europeen de Normalisation Electrotechnique (CENELEC) is the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization. It was set up in 1973, and was officially recognised as the European Standards Organisation in its field by the European Commission in Directive 83/189 EEC. CENELEC works with 40,000 technical experts from 19 EC and EFTA countries to publish standards for the European market.
http://www.cenelec.org

Computer Emergency Response Team
Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) is an organization that studies computer and network INFOSEC in order to provide incident response services to victims of attacks, publish alerts concerning vulnerabilities and threats, and offer other information to help improve computer and network security.
http://www.cert.org

Computer Security Incident Response Team
Computer security incident response team (CSIRT) is a term used by the CERT Coordination Center (CERT/ CC) to describe a service organization that responds to computer security incidents.
http://www.cert.org

Computer Security Institute
The Computer Security Institute (CSI) is a membership organization dedicated to training information security professionals.
http://www.gocsi.com

Computer Security Division
The Computer Security Division (CSD) is a division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) that focuses on information system security.
http://csrc.nist.gov

Conference of European Posts and Telecommunications
Conference of European Posts and Telecommunications (CEPT), also known as Committee of European Posts & Telephones, is a collaborative organization for telecommunications regulators in 43 European countries. The organization deals with questions regarding harmonization and radio/telecommunications. For example, CEPT defines the 2.048Mbps European E1 signal made up of 32 voice-frequency DS0 channels.
http://www.cept.org

Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and Telephone
Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and Telephone (CCITT) was an international organization responsible for the development of communications standards. CCITT now became the International Telecommunications Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T).

Corporation for Open Systems
Corporation for Open Systems (COS) is an organization that promulgates the use of OSI protocols through conformance testing, certification, and related activities.

DARPA
See Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.
http://www.darpa.mil

Defcon
Defcon, originally started in 1993, is a popular hackers’convention held each fall in Las Vegas. Defcon is one of the oldest continuous running hacker conventions around, and also one of the largest.
http://www.defcon.org

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), evolved from ARPA, is a U.S. government agency that provides research funds for and experimentation with the Internet.
http://www.darpa.mil

Defense Communications Agency
Defense Communications Agency (DCA), now known as Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA), is a combat support agency of the United States Department of Defense (DoD) responsible for planning, developing, fielding, operating, and supporting command, control, communications, and information systems that serve the needs of the President, the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Combatant commanders, and other Department of Defense components under all conditions of peace and war.
http://www.disa.mil

Defense Information Systems Agency
The Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) is a combat support agency of the United States Department of Defense (DoD) responsible for planning, developing, fielding, operating, and supporting command, control, communications, and information systems that serve the needs of the President, Vice President, the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Combatant Commanders, and the other Department of Defense (DOD) Components under all conditions of peace and war.
http://www.disa.mil

Department Of Defense
Department of Defense (DoD) is the U.S. government organization that is responsible for national defense. The DoD has frequently funded communication protocol development.
http://www.defenselink.mil

Deutsche Industrie Norm
Deutsche Industrie Norm (DIN) is a German national standards organization.
http://www.din.de

DoD
See Department Of Defense.
http://www.defenselink.mil

DVB/DAVIC Interoperability Consortium
DVB/DAVIC Interoperability Consortium (DDIC) is an industrial organization to promote and support product interoperability between member vendors employing the DVB-RCCL/DAVIC international standards. An independent verification process allows DDIC members to offer tested and documented interoperable products, thereby enable cable network operators to choose reliable and highly intergratable, standards-based DVB solutions.

EDUCAUSE
EDUCAUSE is a non-profit association whose mission is to advance higher education by promoting the intelligent use of information technology.
http://www.educause.edu

EIA
See Electronic Industries Alliance.
http://www.eia.org

EICAR
See European Institute of Computer Anti-Virus Research.
http://www.eicar.org

Electronic Frontier Foundation
Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) is a non-profit group of passionate people -- lawyers, technologists, volunteers, and visionaries -- working to protect your digital rights. EFF is a foundation established to address social and legal issues arising from the impact on society of the increasingly pervasive use of computers as the means of communication and information distribution.
http://www.eff.org

Electronic Industries Alliance
The Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) is a US national trade organization that includes the full spectrum of U.S. manufacturers. The Alliance is a partnership of electronic and high-tech associations and companies whose mission is promoting the market development and competitiveness of the U.S. high-tech industry through domestic and international policy efforts. EIA, headquartered in Arlington, Va., comprises nearly 1,300 member companies whose products and services range from the smallest electronic components to the most complex systems used by defense, space and industry, including the full range of consumer electronic products. EAI specifies electrical transmission standards. The EIA and the TIA have developed numerous well-known communications standards, including EIA/TIA-232 and EIA/TIA-449.
http://www.eia.org

Ethernet Alliance
Ethernet Alliance is an industrial association that represents the spectrum of IEEE 802 Ethernet standards developments and serves the IEEE 802 Ethernet industry as a whole to assist with the on-going incubation, development, launch and sustained support of various Ethernet technologies. The Ethernet Alliance focus on the following subjects:
- Sponsor activities that demonstrate the technical viability and usability of Ethernet technologies to consumers and smooth barriers to adoption.
- Provide a cohesive voice to clearly explain Ethernet projects, develop broad company participation amongst member companies, coordinate efforts amongst Ethernet technologies, and position Ethernet’s co-existence with complimentary technologies.
- Position Ethernet into evolving markets, and demonstrate Ethernet’s viability in those new markets and applications.
http://www.ethernetalliance.org

European Broadcasting Union
European Broadcasting Union (EBU), founded in 1950 and headquartered in Geneva, is an association of national broadcasters that negotiates broadcasting rights for major sports events, operates the Eurovision and Euroradio networks, organizes program exchanges, stimulates and coordinates co- productions, and provides operational, commercial, technical, legal, and strategic services.
http://www.ebu.ch

European Committee for Standardization
European Committee for Standardization (CEN) is a non-profit organization which has a mission to promote voluntary technical harmonization in Europe in conjunction with worldwide bodies and its partners in Europe. The organization works in partnership with Comite Europeen de Normalisation Electrotechnique (CENELEC) and ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) to accomplish its goals.
http://www.cenorm.be

European Institute for Research and Strategic Studies in Telecommunications
European Institute for Research and Strategic Studies in Telecommunications (EURESCOM) is the leading organization for collaborative R&D in telecommunications. EURESCOM provides efficient management of research projects and programmes for member companies and other clients.
http://www.eurescom.de

European Laboratory for Particle Physics
European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN) is a famous European Laboratory for Particle Physics. It is also the birthplace of many Internet technologies including the World Wide Web.
http://www.cern.ch

European Telecommunications Standards Institute
European Telecommunications Standard Institute (ETSI) is an independent, non-profit organization, whose mission is to produce telecommunications standards for today and for the future. Based in France, ETSI is officially responsible for standardization of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) within Europe. These technologies include telecommunications, broadcasting and related areas such as intelligent transportation and medical electronics.
http://www.etsi.org

European Workshop for Open Systems
European Workshop for Open Systems (EWOS) is the OSI Implementors Workshop for Europe.

European Institute of Computer Anti-Virus Research
European Institute of Computer Anti-Virus Research (EICAR), founded in 1990, is an organization aiming to further antivirus research and improving development of antivirus software. EICAR has furthered their scope to include the research of malicious software (malware) other than computer viruses. They are perhaps most notable for the Eicar test file, an innocent, executable string, designed to test the integrity of antivirus software. Its use can be more versatile than straightforward detection, for example, a file containing the Eicar test string can be compressed, and then the antivirus software can be run to see whether it can detect the test string in the compressed file.
http://www.eicar.org

FCC
See Federal Communications Commission.
http://www.fcc.gov

Federal Communications Commission
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is the regulatory body governing communications technologies in the US. established by the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, and regulates interstate communications (wire, radio, telephone, telegraph and telecommunications) originating in the United States.
http://www.fcc.gov

Federal Computer Incident Response Center
Federal Computer Incident Response Center (FedCIRC) is a U.S. government agency dealing with computer security issues for federal government departments.

Federal Networking Council
Federal Networking Council (FNC) is a US government group responsible for assessing and coordinating U.S. federal agency networking policies and needs.

Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams
Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams (FIRST) is an umbrella organization for computer security incident response centers around the world.
http://www.first.org

Frame Relay Forum
Frame Relay Forum (FRF) was an association of vendors, carriers, users, and consultants committed to the implementation of Frame Relay in accordance with national and international standards. Now the FRF has become part of the MFA (MPLS, Frame Relay and ATM) Forum.
http://www.mfaforum.org

Free Software Foundation
Free Software Foundation (FSF) is an organisation devoted to the creation and dissemination of free software, i.e., software that is free from licensing fees or restrictions on use. The Foundation's main work is supporting the GNU project with a basic belief that information is community property and all software source should be shared.
http://www.fsf.org

IAB
See Internet Architecture Board.
http://www.iab.org

IAHC
See Internet International Ad Hoc Committee.
http://www.iahc.org

IANA
See Internet Assigned Number Authority.
http://www.iana.org

IEC
See International Electro-technical Commission.
http://www.iec.ch

IEEE
See Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
http://www.ieee.org

IEPG
See Internet Engineering Planning Group.
http://www.iepg.org

IESG
See Internet Engineering Steering Group.

IETF
See Internet Engineering Task Force.
http://www.ietf.org

IFIP
See International Federation for Information Processing.
http://www.ifip.org

IMTA
See International Mobile Telecommunications Association.

InfiniBand Trade Association
InfiniBand Trade Association (IBTA) is an industry group that developed and published the specification for the InfiniBand architecture. The development of this specification had industry-wide support, with over 200 worldwide companies participating..
http://www.infinibandta.org

Information Assurance Technical Framework Forum
The Information Assurance Technical Framework Forum (IATFF) is a National Security Agency (NSA) sponsored outreaching activity created to foster dialog amongst U.S. Government agencies, U.S. Industry, and U.S. Academia seeking to provide their customers solutions for information assurance problems. The ultimate objective of the IATFF is to agree on a framework for information assurance solutions that meet customers’needs and foster the development and use of solutions that are compatible with the framework.
http://www.iatf.net

Information Systems Security Association
Information Systems Security Association (ISSA) is an independent organization of security professionals.
http://www.issa.org

Information Technology Information Sharing and Analysis Center
IT-ISAC (Information Technology Information Sharing and Analysis Center) is a facility founded in January, 2001, by nineteen prominent IT industry companies (including Oracle, IBM, EDS, and Computer Sciences) to serve as a central repository for security-related information. The group's purpose is to share each organization's information about security attacks and vulnerabilities among all the members.
http://www.it-isac.org

Information Systems Audit and Control Association
Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA) is a global organization concerned with information assurance (IA) and control.
http://www.isaca.org

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is a professional organization and standards body.
http://www.ieee.org

International Electro-technical Commission
International Electro-technical Commission (IEC) is the authoritative worldwide body responsible for developing consensus global standards in the electrotechnical field. IEC is dedicated to the harmonization and voluntary adoption of these standards, supporting the transfer of electrotechnology, assisting certification and promoting international trade. Since 1906, IEC has served the world's electrical industry, developing international standards to promote quality, safety, performance, reproducibility, and environmental compatibility of materials, products, and systems. It has also published standards for the electronics and telecommunications industries. The IEC's present membership of 51 countries includes most major trading nations.
http://www.iec.ch

International Federation for Information Processing
International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) is a research organization that performs OSI prestandardization work. Among other accomplishments, IFIP formalized the original Message Handling System (MHS) model.
http://www.ifip.org

International Information Systems Security Certification Consortium
International Information Systems Security Certification Consortium (ISC2 or (ISC)²) is the internationally recognized Standard for educating and certifying information security professionals throughout their careers. Founded in 1989, (ISC)² issues the Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP ®) and related concentrations: Information Systems Security Architecture Professional (ISSAP ®), Information Systems Security Management Professional (ISSMP ®) and Information Systems Security Engineering Professional (ISSEP ®); the Certification and Accreditation Professional (CAP CM); and the Systems Security Certified Practitioner (SSCP ®) credentials to those meeting the necessary competency requirements. Several of (ISC)²'s credentials meet the stringent requirements of ISO/IEC Standard 17024, a global benchmark for assessing and certifying personnel.
https://www.isc2.org

International Mobile Telecommunications Association
International Mobile Telecommunications Association (IMTA) is a trade group serving specialized mobile radio and public access mobile radio carriers around the world.

International Organization for Standardization
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an international organization that is responsible for a wide range of standards, including those relevant to networking. ISO developed the OSI reference model, a popular networking reference model.
http://www.iso.org

International Standards Organization
International Standards Organization is often the erroneous expansion of the acronym ISO. The accurate expansion of ISO is: International Organization for Standardization.
http://www.iso.org

International Telecommunication Union
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is an organization established by the United Nations to set international telecommunications standards and to allocate frequencies for specific uses.
http://www.itu.int

International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector
International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is an international body under the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) that develops worldwide standards for telecommunications technologies. The ITU-T carries out the functions of the former CCITT.
http://www.itu.int

International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee
The International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee, often short as CCITT, was a standards body based in Geneva that publishes "recommendations" on standards used throughout the world communication industry. It has merged with the International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T).

Internet Architecture Board
Internet Architecture Board (IAB), a group under the Internet Society (ISOC), is an organization of internetwork researchers who discuss issues pertinent to Internet architecture. IAB is responsible for appointing a variety of Internet-related groups, such as the IETF, IANA, IESG, and IRSG. The IAB is appointed by the trustees of the ISOC.
http://www.iab.org

Internet Assigned Number Authority
Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA), one of the primary governing bodies for Internet networking, oversees three key aspects of the Internet: top-level domains (TLDs), IP address allocation and port number assignments. Some IANA functions such as IP address allocation are re-assigned to Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN).
http://www.iana.org

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is non-profit, private corporation that assumed responsibility for IP address space allocation, protocol parameter assignment, domain name system management, and root server system management functions that formerly were performed under U.S. Government contract by IANA and other entities.
http://www.icann.org

Internet Engineering Planning Group
Internet Engineering Planning Group (IEPG) is an informal group primarily composed of Internet service operators. Its goal is to promote a globally coordinated Internet operating environment.
http://www.iepg.org

Internet Engineering Steering Group
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG) is an organization appointed by the Internet Architecture Baord (IAB) that manages the operation of the IETF.

Internet Engineering Task Force
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is the task force consisting of numerous working groups responsible for developing Internet standards in the format of Request For Comments (RFCs). The IETF operates under the auspices of the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) and the Internet Society (ISOC).
http://www.ietf.org

Internet Information Center
InterNIC, full named Internet Information Center, is an organization under the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) that serves the Internet community by supplying user assistance, documentation, Whois, registration service for Internet domain names, and other services.
http://www.internic.net

Internet International Ad Hoc Committee
Internet International Ad Hoc Committee (IAHC) is a coalition of participants from the broad Internet community that works to satisfy the requirement for enhancements to the Internet's global DNS. Organizations naming members to the committee include Internet Society (ISOC), Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), Internet Architecture Board (IAB), Federal Networking Council (FNC), International Telecommunication Union (ITU), International Trademark Association (INTA), and World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).
http://www.iahc.org

Internet Registry
Internet Registry (IR) is an organization that is delegated the responsibility of network address and autonomuous system identifiers from the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), which has the discretionary authority to delegate portions of its responsibility.

Internet Research Steering Group
Internet Research Steering Group (IRSG) is a sterring committee under the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) to define research directions of the Internet Research Task Force (IRTF).

Internet Research Task Force
Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) is a community of network experts that considers Internet-related research topics. The IRTF is governed by the Internet Research Steering Group (IRSG) under the Internet Architecture Board (IAB). The mission of IRTF is to promote research of importance to the evolution of the future Internet by creating focused, long-term and small Research Groups working on topics related to Internet protocols, applications, architecture and technology.
http://www.irtf.org

Internet Society
Internet Society (ISOC) is an international non-profit organization, founded in 1992, that coordinates the evolution and use of the Internet. In addition, ISOC delegates authority to other groups related to the Internet, such as the Internet Architecture Board (IAB).
http://www.isoc.org

Interop
Interop, formerlly called Network and Inerop or N+I, is a major conference and technology exposition in the networking industry, organized by CMP Media.
http://www.interop.com

IRSG
See Internet Research Steering Group.

IRTF
See Internet Research Task Force.
http://www.irtf.org

ISC2
See International Information Systems Security Certification Consortium.
https://www.isc2.org

ISO
See International Organization for Standardization.
http://www.iso.org

ISOC
See Internet Society.
http://www.isoc.org

ITU
See International Telecommunication Union.
http://www.itu.int

ITU-T
See International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector.
http://www.itu.int

Microsoft Security Response Center
Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC) is a team of security professionals at Microsoft responsible for responding to security threats involving Microsoft products.
http://www.microsoft.com

Motor Industry Software Reliability Association
Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA), is a collaboration between vehicle manufacturers, component suppliers and engineering consultants which seek to promote best practice in developing safety-related electronic systems in road vehicles. MISRA has developed a set of coding guidelines, called MISRA C, for the programming language C and then for C++.
http://www.misra.org.uk

National Bureau of Standards
National Bureau of Standards (NBS) is an organization that was part of the U.S. Department of Commerce.

National Center for Supercomputing Applications
National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) is one of five original centers in the National Science Foundation's Supercomputer Centers Program and a unit of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Its new headquarters is simply referred to as the NCSA Building. The NCSA Building is directly north of the Siebel Center for Computer Science. The Center's array of supercomputers remain housed at the Advanced Computation Building.
http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu

National Communications System
National Communications System is an office within the United States Department of Homeland Security charged with enabling national security and emergency preparedness communications using the national telecommunications system.
http://www.ncs.gov

National Computer Security Center
The National Computer Security Center (NCSC) is a U.S. government organization within the National Security Agency (NSA) that evaluates computing equipment for high security applications to ensure that facilities processing classified or other sensitive material are using trusted computer systems and components.
http://www.radium.ncsc.mil

National Institute of Standards and Technology
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is a unit of the US Commerce Department. Formerly known as the National Bureau of Standards, NIST promotes and maintains measurement standards. It also has active programs for encouraging and assisting industry and science to develop and use these standards.
http://www.nist.gov

National Science Foundation
National Science Foundation (NSF) is the U.S. government agency that funds scientific research in the United States. For example, the now-defunct NSFNET was funded by the NSF.
http://www.nsf.gov

National Fraud Information Center
National Fraud Information Center (NFIC), a project of National Consumers League, is an organization helping consumers and law enforcement agencies fight fraud. NFIC provides information, referral services, and assistance in filing complaints. It gives professionals involved in consumer fraud prevention and law enforcement access to advanced communications and data systems. The result is improved regulation, prevention, apprehension, and enforcement.
http://www.fraud.org

National Infrastructure Protection Center
National Infrastructure Protection Center (NIPC) is a cooperative agency under the US Department of Justice. Federal Bureau of Investigation to help protect critical information system infrastructures. NIPC serves as a national critical infrastructure threat assessment, warning, vulnerability, and law enforcement investigation and response entity. The NIPC provides timely warnings of international threats, comprehensive analysis and law enforcement investigation and response.
http://www.nipc.gov

NIST
See National Institute of Standards and Technology.
http://www.nist.gov

North American Directory Forum
North American Directory Forum (NADF) is an organizations that provide public directory services in North America based on the ITU-T X.500 Recommendations.

North American Network Operator's Group
North American Network Operator's Group (NANOG) is the primary forum for information exchange among U.S. exchange point participants, Internet service providers, and end users.
http://www.nanog.org

NSF
See National Science Foundation.
http://www.nsf.gov

NYSERNet
NYSERNet is a private non-profit corporation created in 1985 to foster science and education in New York State. Its mission is to advance those network technologies and applications that enable collaboration and to promote technology transfer for research and education, expanding these to government, industry, and the broader community. NYSERNet members include New York State's leading universities, colleges, museums, healthcare facilities, primary and secondary schools, and research institutions.
http://www.nysernet.org

Object Management Group
Object Management Group (OMG) is a consortium, originally aimed at setting standards for distributed object-oriented systems, and now focused on modeling (programs, systems and business processes) as well as model-based standards in some 20 vertical markets. Founded in 1989 by eleven companies (including Hewlett-Packard Company, Apple Computer, American Airlines and Data General), OMG mobilized to create a cross-compatible distributed object standard. The goal was a common portable and interoperable object model with methods and data that work using all types of development environments on all types of platforms. At its founding, OMG set out to create the initial Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) standard which appeared in 1991.
http://www.omg.org

Open Group
The Open Group is an industry consortium that sets vendor- and technology-neutral open standards for computing infrastructure. It was formed when X/Open merged with the Open Software Foundation in 1996. The Open Group is known for its experience in facilitating consensus to develop and evolve standards and best practices. It operates a number of certification programs, including certification for Common Operating Environment (COE) Platform, CORBA, Directory, IT Architects, Linux Standard Base, POSIX, Schools Interoperability Framework (SIF), TOGAF, UNIX, and Wireless Application Protocol (WAP). The Open Group is also the owner of the UNIX trademark.
http://www.opengroup.org

Open Mobile Alliance
Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) is the leading industry forum for developing market-driven, interoperable mobile service enablers. OMA was formed in June, 2002, by nearly 200 companies including the world’s leading mobile operators, device and network suppliers, information technology companies and content and service providers. The fact that the whole value chain is represented in OMA marks a change in the way specifications for mobile services are done.
http://www.openmobilealliance.org

Open Software Foundation
Open Software Foundation (OSF) is an organization to create an open standard for an implementation of the Unix operating system. OSF's standard Unix implementation was known as OSF/1 and was first released in 1990, which is not widely deployed. Other well-known standards developed by OSF include Motif and the Common Desktop Environment, respectively a widget toolkit and desktop environment for the X Window System. In 1996, OSF merged with the X/Open Company to become The Open Group.
http://www.opengroup.org

Open Source Initiative
The Open Source Initiative (OSI) is an organization dedicated to promoting open-source software. Open Source Initiative was founded in February, 1998, by Bruce Perens and Eric S. Raymond when Netscape Communications Corporation, published the source code for its flagship Netscape Communicator product as free software, due to lowering profit margins and competition with Microsoft's Internet Explorer software.
http://www.opensource.org

Operators Harmonization Group
Operators Harmonization Group (OHG) is a group of industry operators established to meet on harmonization issues. The group is working towards a way of harmonisation between CDMA2000 and W-CDMA.

OSINET
OSINET is an international association designed to promote OSI in vendor architectures.
http://www.osinet.com.ar

Palo Alto Research Center
Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) is a research and development center operated by XEROX. A number of widely used technologies were originally conceived at PARC, including the first personal computers and LANs.
http://www.parc.xerox.com

PARC
See Palo Alto Research Center.
http://www.parc.xerox.com

Personal Communications Industry Association
Personal Communications Industry Association (PCIA) is an international trade association representing the personal communications services (PCS), private radio and other wireless users and carriers. Its primary objective is to advance regulatory policies, legislation, and technical standards in this industry.
http://www.pcia.com

Personal Computer Memory Card International Association
Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) is an organization consisting of some 500 companies. It has developed a standard for small, credit card-sized devices, called PC Cards, which is called as PCMCIA. Originally designed for adding memory to portable computers, the PCMCIA standard has been expanded several times and is now suitable for many types of devices. PCMCIA Cards come in three types. All PC Cards have the same width and length - 54.0 millimeters wide and 85.6 millmeters long - but vary in thickness:
• Type 1 - 3.3 millimeters thick
• Type 2 - 5.0 millimeters thick
• Type 3 - 10.5 millimeters thick
http://www.pcmcia.org

Promoting Conference for OSI
Promoting Conference for OSI (POSI) is a group of executives from the six major Japanese computer manufacturers and Nippon Telephone and Telegraph that sets policies and commits resources to promote OSI.

SANS Institute
SANS Institute is a cooperative research and education organization devoted to information security research, certification, and education.
http://www.sans.org

SLAC
See Stanford Linear Accelerator Center.
http://www.slac.stanford.edu

Software Engineering Institute
The Software Engineering Institute (SEI) is a federally funded research and development center sponsored by the U.S. Department of Defense and operated by Carnegie Mellon University, with offices in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Frankfurt, Germany; Redstone Arsenal, Alabama, and Arlington, Virginia. The SEI publishes books on software engineering for industry, government and military applications and practices. They are most famous for the software Capability Maturity Model, (now CMMI), which ranks a software development environment according to its capability of producing quality software.
http://www.sei.cmu.edu

Software & Information Industry Association
Software & Information Industry Association (SIIA) is a trade association for the software industry.
http://www.siia.net

Special Mobile Group
Special Mobile Group (SMG) is a standards body within ETSI that develops specifications related to mobile networking technologies, such as GSM and GPRS.

Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) is one of the world's leading research laboratories, established in 1962 at Stanford University. SLAC's mission is to design, construct and operate state-of-the-art electron accelerators and related experimental facilities for use in high-energy physics and synchrotron radiation research.
http://www.slac.stanford.edu

Technischer Überwachungsverein
Technischer Überwachungsverein (TUV), Technical Monitoring Association in English, is a German organization that aims to protect humans and the environment against hazards coming from factories and mechanisms of all kinds. As an independent consultant, it examines monitoring-needy plants, motor vehicles, energy installations and devices. Many subsidiaries of the TÜVs can also appear as project developers for energy and traffic concepts, problem solutions in the area of environmental protection and certification bodies.
http://www.tuev-sued.de

Telecommunications Industry Alliance
Telecommunications Industry Alliance (TIA) is an organization that develops standards relating to telecommunications technologies. Together, the TIA and the EIA have formalized standards, such as EIA/TIA-232, for the electrical characteristics of data transmission.
http://www.tiaonline.org

Telecommunications Information Networking Architecture Consortium
Telecommunications Information Networking Architecture Consortium (TINA-C) was an organization formed in 1993 by 46 of the world's leading Telco operators, vendors and IT industry with the mission to define a common software architecture for telecommunications. As a result, the "TINA architecture" was developed by a group of some one hundred engineers from its member companies, working together at one time under one roof in New Jersey, USA, as its core team. It was announced in September of 2000, that TINA-C had completed its mission and would be dissolved at the end of the year.
http://www.tinac.com

Telecommunications Technology Association
Telecommunications Technology Association (TTA) is a telecommunications standards setting body in Korea.
http://www.tta.or.kr

Telecommunications Technology Committee
Telecommunications Technology Committee (TTC) is a private-sector corporate body established in 1985 to prepare domestic standards relevant to Japanese telecommunications.
http://www.ttc.or.jp

TRUSTe
TRUSTe is a non-profit organization that monitors how participating online businesses comply with their privacy policies.
http://www.truste.org

Underwriters Laboratories
Underwriters Laboratories (UL) is an independent and non-profit organization that tests product safety for the US markets.
http://www.ul.com

Universal Wireless Consortium
Universal Wireless Consortium (UWC) is an organization of vendors and operators promoting and implementing the IS-136 digital standard. Also specifying the future development of the standard and facilitating roaming agreements between IS-136 operators.

University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development
University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development (UCAID), now called Internet2, is a non-profit consortium which develops and deploys advanced network applications and technologies, mostly for high-speed data transfer. It is led by 207 US universities and partners from the networking and technology vendors. Some of the technologies it has developed include IPv6, IP multicasting and quality of service.
http://www.internet2.org

W3C
See World Wide Web Consortium.
http://www.w3.org

WAP Forum
The WAP Forum has been consolidated into the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) and no longer exists as an independent organization.
http://www.wapforum.org

Web3D Consortium
The Web3D Consortium, formally the VRML Consortium, is a member-funded industry consortium committed to the creation and deployment of open, royalty-free standards that enable the communication of real-time 3-dimensional (3D) graphics across applications, networks, and XML web services. The Consortium works closely with the ISO, MPEG and W3C standardization bodies to maximize market opportunities for its membership.
http://www.web3d.org

Wi-Fi Alliance
Wi-Fi Alliance is a non-profit international association formed in 1999 to certify interoperability of WLAN products based on the IEEE 802.11 specification. Currently, the Wi-Fi Alliance has over 200 member companies from around the world, and over 1,000 products have received Wi-Fi certification since the certification began in March of 2000. The goal of the Wi-Fi Alliance's members is to enhance the user experience through product interoperability.
http://www.wi-fi.org

WiMedia Alliance
WiMedia Alliance is an industrial association with a focus on UWB (Ultra WideBand) wireless technologies to promote and enable the rapid adoption and standardization of UWB worldwide for high-speed wireless, multimedia-capable personal-area connectivity in the PC, CE and mobile market segments; to provide a neutral and open forum for multiple industry segments to establish requirements, specifications and best practices for usability and interoperability; to promote worldwide UWB spectrum regulations; and to develop, maintain, enhance and reference technical specifications.
http://www.wimedia.org

Wireless Communications Association
The Wireless Communications Association (WCA) represents the fixed broadband wireless access industry worldwide. Its mission is to advance the interests of the wireless systems that provide data (including Internet and e-commerce), voice and video services on a subscription basis through land-based towers to fixed reception/transmit devices.
http://www.wcai.com

Wireless Data Forum
Wireless Data Forum (WDF) is an industry group based in New Zealand dedicated to promote and educate New Zealand companies on many options and solutions available to them through the use of Wireless Data.
http://www.wirelessdataforum.org.nz

World Wide Web Consortium
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is a non-profit organization that develops interoperable technologies (specifications, guidelines, software, and tools) to lead the Web to its full potential. W3C is a forum for information, commerce, communication, and collective understanding.
http://www.w3.org

X.Org Fundation
The X.Org Foundation is a non-profit organization for the development of the X Window System. It was founded on January 22, 2004. The creation of the Foundation marked a radical change in the governance of X. Whereas the stewards of X since 1988 (including the previous X.Org) had been vendor organizations, X.Org is led by software developers and using community development on the bazaar model, which relies on outside involvement. Membership is also open to individuals, with corporate membership being in the form of sponsorship.
http://www.x.org