Web-based training (WBT) is an approach to do distance learning using world-wide web technologies. Web-based training can present multi-media live content in a structure allowing self-directed, self-paced instruction in any topic, all independent of computer platform. Web-based training is an ideal vehicle for delivering training to individuals anywhere in the world at any time using web browsers that support 3-D virtual reality, animation, interactions, chat and conferencing, and real-time audio and video. An alternative electronic learning method is Computer Based Training (CBT) which typically build training courses in a CD to be installed into local PCs.
Key Advantages of WBT
- easy delivery of training to users
- opportunities for group training (asynchronous and synchronous) as well as individual training
- multi-platform capabilities (Windows, Mac, UNIX, PDA, wireless devices)
- easy updating of content
- quicker turnaround of finished product
- requires less technical support
- billing options by user ID, number of accesses, date/time of access
- access is controllable
- options for installations on private networks for security or greater bandwidth
- options to link with other training systems
- multitasking capability suitable for electronic performance support systems (EPSS)
- vast market for distributed training
- growing level of acceptance
Key Disadvantages of WBT
- bandwidth/browser limitations may restrict instructional methodologies
- limited bandwidth means slower performance for sound, video, and intense graphics
- someone must provide server access, control usage, bill users
Standards specific to computer-based training (CBT) and WBT have been around for years, though general adoption of these standards has been slow. HTML is a specification that is a de facto standard in the WBT. It has evolved over the years and now XHTML. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is the international body that defined the specifications. There are many other technical components required to build complete WBT services, including XML, Java, JavaScript, etc.
The Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL) is formed to establish WBT standards. ADL built upon the work of other initiatives and defined new specifications to glue everything together. The result is the Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM). SCORM is a model for defining, packaging, and managing learning objects. The sharable content object (SCO), the ADL name for a learning object, is the building block of a topic, a lesson, or a course. SCORM defines an API for a learning management system (LMS) to manage and communicate with SCOs and for SCOs to communicate with the LMS. SCORM is a model for designing an interoperable, durable learning system. It does not specify a programming language, authoring tool, or operating system; however, you will find most implementers using XML, Java, JavaScript, and HTML. Furthermore, SCORM does not (currently) address instructional design issues, nor does it prescribe specific functionality for LMSs.
Section 508 is a relatively new standard for improving accessibility to Web content and applications, including WBT, for persons with physical and cognitive disabilities. Section 508 refers to a specific rule in the United States government Federal Acquisition Regulation that took effect in 2001. This standard followed an earlier and more extensive standard in the form of a recommendation, the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). Many organizations now specify that new courses must be developed to a learning object standard (SCORM) and an accessibility standard (Section 508), too.
Related Terms: CBT, SCORM, Section 508, HTML, XHTML