1000BaseCX or 1000Base-CX
1000BaseCX, also known as 1000Base-CX, is the physical layer specification for Gigabit Ethernet transmission over a special balanced 150 ohm cable shorter than 25m. This cable is a type of shielded cable. In order to minimize safety and interference concerns caused by voltage difference, both transmitters and receivers will share a common ground. The return loss for each connector is limited to 20db to minimize transmission distortions. The connector type for 1000Base-CX will be a DB-9 connector or HSSDC.

1000BaseF or 1000Base-F
1000BaseF, also known as 1000Base-F, is a 1000-Mbps baseband specification for Ethernet communications over optical fibers. 1000Base-F uses 8B/10B ANSI X3T11 Fibre Channel FC-1 frame encoding, serializer/deserializer (SERDES) and NRZ on the fiber, clocked at 1250 Mbaud. 1000BaseF can support a fiber cable length of 500m full duplex on multimode fiber fiber, and of 2-3km full duplex on single mode fiber.

1000BaseLH or 1000Base-LH
1000BaseLH, also known as 1000Base-LH, is a specification for Gigabit Ethernet over fiber optic cabling as defined in IEEE 802.3z. LH stands for long haul, and 1000Base-LH uses long wavelength laser (1310nm) over multimode and single-mode fiber. 1000BaseLH can support a maximum distance of 550m for multimode fiber, and of 10km for single mode fiber.

1000BaseLX or 1000Base-LX
1000BaseLX, also known as 1000Base-LX, is a specification for Gigabit Ethernet over fiber optic cabling as defined in IEEE 802.3z. LX stands for long wavelength and 1000Base-LX uses long wavelength laser (1310nm) over multimode and single-mode fiber as opposed to 1000Base-SX, which uses short wavelength laser over multimode fiber. The maximum distance of fiber is 550m for multi mode and 5km for single mode.

1000BaseSX or 1000Base-SX
1000BaseSX, also known as 1000Base-SX, is a specification for Gigabit Ethernet over fiber optic cabling as defined in IEEE 802.3z. SX stands for short wavelength and 1000Base-SX uses short wavelength laser (850nm) over multimode fiber as opposed to 1000Base-LX, which uses long wavelength laser over both multimode and single mode fiber. The maximum distance of (multimode) fiber based on 1000BaseSX is 550m.

1000BaseT or 1000Base-T
1000BaseT, also known as 1000Base-T, is a physical layer standard that supports data transfer rates up to 1000 Mbps (1 Gbps) over twisted pair cables up to 100m. The 1000BASE-T standard is defined in the IEEE 802.3ab. Like Ethernet, 1000BaseT is based on the CSMA/CD LAN access method.

1000BaseX or 1000Base-X
1000BaseX identifies various Gigabit Ethernet standards as defined in IEEE802.3z, such as 1000BaseLX, 1000BaseSX, 1000BaseCX and 1000BaseLH. Basically, all standards included in 1000BaseX uses 8B/10B coding scheme with 8 bits of data and 2 bits of error-correction data. Each specification allows various cable (fiber or copper) lengthes, and uses different cable media.

1000BaseZX
1000BaseZX (or 1000Base-ZX) is a Cisco specified standard for gigabit Ehternet communication. 1000BaseZX operates on ordinary single-mode fiber-optic link spans up to 43.5 miles (70 km). Link spans up to 62.1 miles (100 km) are possible using premium single-mode fiber or dispersion-shifted single-mode fiber. 1000BaseZX uses a long wavelength laser (1550 nm). The 1000BASEZX GBIC is intended to be used as a Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) component for Gigabit Ethernet interfaces found on various switch and router products. It operates at a signaling rate of 1250 Mbaud, transmitting and receiving 8B/10B encoded data.

100BaseFX or 100Base-FX
100BaseFX, also known as 100Base-FX, is a 100-Mbps baseband Fast Ethernet specification. 100BaseFX, a part of 100BaseX defined in the IEEE 802.3 standard, uses 4B/5B block encoding for Fast Ethernet over fiber-optic cabling. The fiber distance that the 100BaseFX can support is: 412m half duplex on Multi Mode fiber, 2km full duplex on Multi Mode fiber, and 15-20km full duplex on Single Mode fiber.

100BaseT or 100Base-T
100BaseT, also known as 100Base-T or fast Ethernet, is a physical layer standard that supports data transfer rates up to 100 Mbps (100 megabits per second). 100BASE-T is based on Manchester signal encoding transmitted over Category 3 or better twisted-pair cable. The 100BASE-T standard is defined in the IEEE 802.3u. Like Ethernet, 100BaseT is based on the CSMA/CD LAN access method.

100BaseT4 or 100Base-T4
100BaseT4, also known as 100Base-T4, is a 100-Mbps baseband Fast Ethernet specification using four pairs of Category 3, 4, or 5UTP wiring. To guarantee proper signal timing and quality, a 100BaseT4 segment cannot exceed 100 meters in length. 100BaseT4 is part of the IEEE 802.3 standard.

100BaseTX or 100Base-TX
100BaseTX, also known as 100Base-TX, is a 100-Mbps baseband Fast Ethernet specification using two pairs of either UTP or STP wiring, based on 4B/5B signal encoding. The first pair of wires is used to receive data, and the second to transmit data. To guarantee proper signal timing and quality, a 100BaseTX segment cannot exceed 100 meters in length. 100BaseTX is part of the 100BaseX as defined in the IEEE 802.3u standard.

100BaseX or 100Base-X
100BaseX, including 100BaseFX and 100BaseTX, is a 100-Mbps baseband Fast Ethernet specification based on IEEE 802.3 standard using 4B/5B block encoding for Fast Ethernet over fiber-optic cabling (FX) and two pairs (TX).

100VG-AnyLAN
100VG-AnyLAN, originally developed by Hewlett-Packard, is a 100-Mbps Fast Ethernet and Token Ring media technology using four pairs of Category 3, 4, or 5 UTP cabling. 100VG-AnyLAN can be made to operate on existing 10BaseT Ethernet networks. 100VG-AnyLAN is defined in the IEEE 802.12 standard.

10Base2 or 10Base-2
10Base2, also called Cheapernet or ThinNet, is a 10-Mbps baseband Ethernet specification using a 50-ohm thin coaxial cable. 10Base2, defined in the IEEE 802.3a specification, has a distance limit of 185 meters per segment. 10Base2 is based on Manchester signal encoding transmitted over a thin coaxial cable.

10Base5 or 10Base-5
10Base5, also called ThickNet, is a 10-Mbps baseband Ethernet specification using standard (thick) 50-ohm baseband coaxial cable. 10Base5, which is part of the IEEE 802.3 baseband physical layer specification, has a distance limit of 500 meters per segment. 10Base5 is based on Manchester signal encoding transmitted

10BaseF or 10Base-F
10BaseF, also known as 10Base-F, is 10 Mbps Ethernet system based on Manchester signal encoding transmitted over fiber optic cable. 10BaseF includes 10BaseFL, 10BaseFB and 10BaseFP and is defined in IEEE 802.3j specification.

10BaseFB or 10Base-FB
10BaseFB, also called as 10Base-FB, is a 10-Mbps baseband Ethernet specification using fiber-optic cabling. 10BaseFB is part of the IEEE 10BaseF specification. It is not used to connect user stations, but instead provides a synchronous signaling backbone that allows additional segments and repeaters to be connected to the network. 10BaseFB segments can be up to 2,000 meters long (1.24 miles).

10BaseFL or 10Base-FL
10BaseFL, also called as 10Base-FL, is a 10-Mbps baseband Ethernet specification using fiber-optic cabling. 10BaseFL is part of the 10BaseF specification and, while able to interoperate with FOIRL, is designed to replace the FOIRL specification. 10BaseFL segments can be up to 1,000 meters long if used with FOIRL, and up to 2,000 meters if 10BaseFL is used exclusively.

10BaseFP or 10Base-FP
10BaseFP, also called 10Base-FP, is a 10-Mbps fiber-passive baseband Ethernet specification using fiber-optic cabling. 10BaseFP is part of the 10BaseF specification. It organizes a number of computers into a star topology without the use of repeaters. 10Base FP segments can be up to 500 meters long.

10BaseT or 10Base-T
10BaseT, also known as 10Base-T, is a transmission medium specified by IEEE 802.3i that carries information at rates up to 10Mbps in baseband form using unshielded twisted pair (UTP) conductors with low cost Level 3 or better UTP wiring up to 100 meters (328 ft.). 10BaseT uses RJ45 connectors and sometimes 50-pin AMP connectors to a patch panel.

10Broad36
10Broad36 is a 10-Mbps broadband Ethernet specification using broadband coaxial cable. 10Broad36, which is part of the IEEE 802.3 specification, has a distance limit of 3,600 meters per segment.

10GBase
10GBase is a set of standards as defined by IEEE 802.3ae for Gigabit Ethernet system to operate in full-duplex mode only, over fiber optic media. There are a few media types, which are designed for use in either local or wide area networking. This provides the 10 Gigabit Ethernet system with the flexibility needed to operate in local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN), regional area networks (RAN) and wide area networks (WAN). IEEE 802.3ae provides support to extend the 802.3 protocol and MAC specification to an operating speed of 10 Gb/s. Several Physical Coding Sublayers known as 10GBASE-X, 10GBASE-R and 10GBASE-W are specified, as well as significant additional supporting material for a 10 Gigabit Media Independent Interface (XGMII), a 10 Gigabit Attachment Unit Interface (XAUI), a 10 Gigabit Sixteen-Bit Interface (XSBI) and management.

The 10GBase includes 10GBASE-S, a 850nm wavelength serial transceiver which uses two multimode fibers; 10GBASE-L4, a 1310nm wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transceiver which uses two multi-mode or single mode fibers; 10GBASE-L, a 1310nm wavelength serial transceiver which uses two single mode fibers; and 10GBASE-E, a 1550nm wavelength serial transceiver which uses two single mode fibers.

10GBASE-CX4
10GBase-CX4 is a 10-gigabit Ethernet protocol using 4-laned copper InfiniBand connectors. 10GBase-CX4, developed by IEEE 802.3ak working group, is a lower-cost switch interface. 10GBase-CX4 uses the XAUI (10 Gigabit Attachment Unit Interface) specified in 802.3ae, and the 4X connector used for InfiniBand. Rather than attempt to transmit 10 gigabits over a single copper link, the 802.3ak specification uses four transmitters and four receivers operating differentially over a bundle of very thin twin-axial cables to transmit 2.5G bit/sec each at a baud rate of 3.125 GHz per channel with 8B10B coding. This requires four differential pairs in each direction for a total of eight twin-axial channels per assembly. 10GBase-CX4 can support a cable length up to 25-meter.

10GBASE-E or 10GbE
10Gbase-E, as defined by IEEE 802.3ae, is for single mode fiber (SMF based on G.652) with 1550 nm laser transceiver with a bandwidth of 10 Gbps. 10GBase-E allows optical signal transmission up to 40km. The 10GBASE-ER media types is designed for use over dark fiber, while the 10GBASE-EW media type is designed to connect to SONET equipment.

10GBase-ER
10GBase-ER is a mode of 10GBase-E supporting a link length of up to 40 kilometers on single mode fiber (SMF based on G.652) using optical wavelength 1550nm. The 10GBASE-ER media types is designed for use over dark fiber.

10GBase-EW
10GBase-EW is a mode of 10GBase-E supporting a link length of up to 40 kilometers on single mode fiber (SMF based on G.652) using optical wavelength 1550nm. 10GBASE-EW media type is designed to connect to SONET equipment.

10GBASE-L
10GBase-L, as defined by IEEE 802.3ae, is for single mode fiber (SMF based on G.652) with 1310 nm laser transceiver with a bandwidth of 10 Gbps. 10GBase-E allows optical signal transmission up to 10km. The 10GBASE-LR media type is designed for use over dark fiber, while the 10GBASE-LW media type is designed to connect to SONET equipment.

10GBASE-LR
10GBase-LR is a mode of 10GBase-L supporting a a link length of 10 kilometers on standard single-mode fiber (SMF) (G.652). 10GBASE-LR media type is designed for use over dark fiber.

10GBase-LW
10GBase-LW is a mode of 10GBase-L supporting a a link length of 10 kilometers on standard single-mode fiber (SMF) (G.652). 10GBASE-LW media type is designed to connect to SONET equipment.

10GBASE-LX4
10GBase-LX4, as defined by IEEE 802.3ae, uses wave division multiplexing technology to send signals over four wavelengths of light carried over a single pair of fiber optic cables. The 10GBASE-LX4 system is designed to operate at 1310 nm over multi-mode or single-mode dark fiber. The design goal for this media system is from 2 meters up to 300 meters over multimode fiber or from 2 meters up to 10 kilometers over single-mode fiber, with longer distances possible depending on cable type and quality.

10GBASE-S
10GBase-S, as defined by IEEE 802.3ae, is for multimode fiber (MMF) with a 850-nm laser transceiver with a bandwidth of 10 Gbps. It can support up to a 300-meter cable length. The 10GBASE-SR media type is designed for use over dark fiber, while the 10GBASE-SW media type is designed to connect to SONET equipment.

10GBase-SR
10GBase-SR, as defined by IEEE 802.3ae, is a mode of 10GBase-S for multimode fiber (MMF) with 850 nm laser transceiver with a bandwidth of 10 Gbps. It can support up to 300 meters cable length. The 10GBASE-SR media type is designed for use over dark fiber.

10GBase-SW
10GBase-SW, as defined by IEEE 802.3ae, is mode of 10GBase-S for multimode fiber (MMF) with 850 nm laser transceiver with a bandwidth of 10 Gbps. It can support up to 300 meters cable length. The 10GBASE-SW media type is designed to connect to SONET equipment.

10GBASE-T
10GBASE-T is a standard proposed by the IEEE 802.3an committee to provide 10 Gigabit/second connections over conventional unshielded twisted pair cables (Category 5e or Category 6 or Category 7 cables). 10GBASE-T allows the conventional RJ-45 used for Ethernet LANs. 10GBASE-T can support signal transmision at the full 100m distance specified for LAN wiring.

10GBase-ZR
10GBASE-ZR, supporting link lengths of up to about 80 kilometers on SMF, is not part of the 10 GbE standard but is built according to Cisco optical specifications. 10GBase-ZR uses the 1550nm laser wavelength.

10GEA: 10 Gigabit Ethernet Alliance
The 10GEA (10 Gigabit Ethernet Alliance) was an independent organization which aimed to further 10 Gigabit Ethernet development and market acceptance. Founded in February 2000, by a consortium of companies, the organization provided IEEE with technology demonstrations and specifications.

2B1Q
2B1Q refers to 2 binary 1 quaternary. 2B1Q is an encoding scheme that provides a 2 bits per baud, 80-kbaud per second, 160-kbps transfer rate. The most common signaling method on ISDN U interfaces. The 1988 ANSI spec T1.601 defines this protocol in detail.

3.1 Khz audio bearer service
3.1 Khz audio bearer service, sometimes referred to as data-over-voice, is a bearer service provided by some telephone companies that sends data calls over voice trunks. The switches should turn off echo cancellators on the trunks handling this type of call. Echo cancellation corrupts data transmitted on voice trunks.

4B/5B or 4B5B
4B/5B, also called 4-byte/5-byte or 4B5B, is a block encoding scheme used to send Fast Ethernet data and for MADI (Multichannel Audio Digital Interface). 4B5B works by mapping groups of four bits onto groups of 5 bits. Since there are 32 possible combinations of 5 bits and only 16 combinations of 4 bits the 16 groups of 5 bits with the most transitions in are used in order to provide as many transitions as possible. This is done as the transitions provide clocking information for the signal. Despite this 4B5B does not guarantee at least one transition for each bit period, however there are enough transistions to allow the clock signal to be recovered.

50-Pin Telco
50-Pin Telco, also known as RJ21, is a connector very common in 10BASE-T wiring. As opposed to the RJ45 connector, the 50-pin Telco connector concentrates up to 12 UTP connections onto one connection. This concentration of UTP ports is then broken out for connection to a punch-down block inside a building's wiring closet. 50-pin Telco connections provide a very clean, uncluttered interface to the building's wiring. 50-Pin Telco is used to attach 25 pairs of telephone wires. It is also used for SCSI-1 connections and is the 50-pin version of the widely-used centronics connector found on the back of PC printers.

6bone
6bone is the name of an IPv6 backbone setup in 1996 by the IETF for testing. It uses tunnels to connect IPv6 installations, mostly run by universities and firms. The 6bone uses a dedicated address space reserved for testing, 3FFE::/16. At its peak in mid-2003, over 150 network prefixes were routed.

802.x
802.x refers to a set of IEEE standards for the definition of Local Area Network (LAN) protocols. Such standards include 802.1, 802.2 and 802.3 specifications.

802.2
802.2, also known as IEEE802.2, is an IEEE Working Group to develop Logical Link Control (LLC) based on LANs. The IEEE 802.2 working group is no longer active, and its official website is: http://www.ieee802.org/2/

802.3
802.3, also known as IEEE802.3, is an IEEE Working Group to develop Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) based on LANs standards. The IEEE official website for the 802.3 working group is: http://www.ieee802.org/3/

822
822 is the short form of RFC 822, which defines the format of Internet-style e-mail.

8B/10B or 8B10B
8B/10B, also known as 8-byte/10-byte or 8B10B, is a line code that maps 8-bit symbols to 10-bit symbols to achieve DC balance and bounded disparity, and yet provide enough state changes to allow reasonable clock recovery. This is an important attribute in a signal that needs to be sent at high rates because it helps reduce "intersymbol interference". The code was described in 1983 by Al Widmer and Peter Franaszek in the IBM Journal of Research and Development. In the scheme, 8 bits of data are transmitted as a 10-bit entity called a Symbol, or Character. The low 5 bits of data are encoded into a 6-bit group and the top 3 bits are encoded into a 4-bit group. These code groups are concatenated together to form the 10-bit Symbol that is transmitted on the wire.

8-bit clean
8-bit clean ("Eight-bit clean") describes a computer system that deals correctly with extended character sets which (unlike ASCII) use all eight bits of a byte, such as the ISO 8859 series and the UTF-8 encoding of Unicode. Up to the early 1990s, many programs and communications systems used to assume that all characters have codes in the range of 0 to 127. This leaves the top bit of each byte free for use as a parity bit or some kind of flag bit. These assumptions make such systems unusable on text data that contains characters with higher character codes, which is commonplace in non-English-speaking countries with larger alphabets.