1. The rst database systems were based on the network and hierarchical models. These are covered briey in appendices in the text. The relational model was rst proposed by E.F. Codd in 1970 and the rst such systems (notably INGRES and System/R) was developed in 1970s. The relational model is now the dominant model for commercial data processing applications.

2. Note: Attribute Name Abbreviations.

The text uses fairly long attribute names which are abbreviated in the notes as follows.

• customer-name becomes cname
• customer-city becomes ccity
• branch-city becomes bcity
• branch-name becomes bname
• account-number becomes account#
• loan-number becomes loan#
• banker-name becomes banker